Photo by Piotr MusioÅ / Unsplash
Donât Put Yourself in a Box
Personal Development and
Career Growth
Summary
- Companies need "boxes" (job classifications) to grow and function. This makes hiring, compensation, and career development tractable, and promotes fair treatment of employees.
- If the boxes are too large, a company can't grow. If the boxes are too small, innovation and ownership are smothered.
- The size of a company's boxes is directly proportional to the level of trust employees have for management.
- To get hired, put yourself in the box the company is hiring for. Tailor your resume to highlight those skills and experiences; put yourself out there as a âspecialistâ in the thing theyâre hiring for.
- If aiming for a promotion, demonstrate how your work embodies the behaviors and impacts of the next-level âboxâ.
- Don't let those boxes define you. Your value and identity goes far beyond any job description.
Hot Take
Businesses
can't fun
ction at s
cale unless they put people in standardized "boxes"; if you want to be hired and to grow your
career, you need to understand that, and understand how to work with those boxes. On the other hand, you
can't be redu
ced to a box, and if you tie your identity to those boxes in your thinking, you'll limit yourself in ways that are unnatural and harmful.
This is like the paradox of S
chrödinger's
Cat, both alive and dead at the same time. Like with quantum me
chani
cs and the
cat, whether youâre in a box or not depends on whoâs doing the measuring: your employer, or you.
My Box Origin Story
My introdu
ction to the idea of âboxesâ
came in the late 2000s, when I noti
ced that people at Google were having a hard time getting hired or promoted if they were doing âoperationalâ work that didnât involve mu
ch traditional program management. Whether they were being
considered for hiring or promotion, they were told, essentially, â
Youâve done some great work, but itâs not program management; weâre not sure what role/ladder is a fit for you, but itâs not this one. Next!â
This was
clearly a problemâeven though they didnât do PERT diagrams and Gantt
charts, Googlers did important work in these roles, and roadblo
cks to hiring and promoting them
created both operational and retention issues as jobs went va
cant and high-performing employees felt their value wasnât being re
cognized. As a member of both Program Management hiring and promotion
committees at Google I had more visibility to this issue than most others; I spoke to a friend of mine in People Operations (Googleâs HR), who turned out to already be well aware of this problem from repeatedly dealing with upset hiring managers and frustrated promotion
candidates. Together, we hat
ched a plan: to
create a new job ladder (job
classifi
cation) for these âoperationalâ program managers to move to, that was better suited to the type of work they did.
We gathered some data, wrote a proposal, and set up a meeting with the SVP responsible for all engineering at Google. The SVP had been in quite a few meetings Iâd presented to before; I knew him to be not only a brilliant and
capable leader, but a genuinely ni
ce guy, too, so I had no worries about the meeting.
Imagine my shock then, when this âgenuinely nice guyâ started yelling at us, telling my partner and I that we were going to wreck Google culture!
I vividly remember what he said: â
DONâT PUT PEOPLE IN BOXES!â He told us Google needed
some job
classifi
cations, but that our
culture required those
classifi
cations to be both
broad and
vague so both employees and their managers wouldnât be blo
cked from doing whatever needed to be done. The worst thing we
could do, the SVP told us, was to make the
classifi
cation âboxesâ so small people
could say â
thatâs not my jobââwhi
ch is pre
cisely what he saw us proposing to do!
A year or two before this Google had shifted from having just three job types (over-broadly, they were â
engineersâ, â
class="bg-amber-100">technical people that donât do engineeringâ, and â
everyone elseâ) to having around around a dozen (one of whi
ch was my ladder, â
class="bg-amber-100">Te
chni
cal Program Managersâ). There had been a lot of debate about whether those boxes were
already too small⦠but the senior team had de
cided 12â15 job
categories were a
cceptableâenough large boxes to make hiring,
career development, and
compensation more effi
cient, but not so many that jobs were defined too narrowly. We left his offi
ce deje
cted, but also enlightened: it said a lot to me that this SVP thought it so important to Googleâs
culture, a lesson Iâve never forgotten. (Times have
changed though; Google now has
many more job ladders, in
cluding at least 5â10 âoperationalâ ladders broken off from Program Management well beyond what my friend and I had proposed).
Why
Companies Need Boxes
Why do we need âboxesâ (job
classifi
cations) at all? Wouldnât the world be better if everyone just did whatever they saw that needed doing? The value of boxes to
corporations
comes down to two things:
scaling and
trustS
caling
If youâre in a small startup, you want employees who
can wear many hats, and who wonât feel limited by things like job titles. Be
cause there are so few employees, and be
cause you know everyone personally and need everyone you hire to have an outsized impa
ct, you
can afford to put a lot of energy into every individual hiring de
cision.
Compensation planning is pretty lightweight and
customized, both be
cause there arenât many people to deal with, and be
cause you want to
compensate people based on their
contribution to the business, regardless of what their title is. Everyone is a âspe
cial snowflakeâ.
That
changes qui
ckly as your startup growsâyou
cross a line where it be
comes infeasible to treat every hire as a unique individual, with bespoke hiring and
compensation. This is where âboxesâ be
come ne
cessary: you have to put people into
categories, with standards for how hiring,
compensation, and
career progression work for ea
ch boxâitâs the only way you
can s
cale the
company. The alternative to this would be to allow an in
creasing number of managers to
continue bespoke hiring and
comp within their own areas⦠whi
ch leads to the se
cond issue, trust.
Trust
Be
cause startups are so risky, the ability of potential employees to trust the founders is a big dealâif they donât appear trustworthy, theyâre not going to attra
ct the kind of people they need. As the
company grows, the number of managers that both employees and senior management need to trust grows, too. At some point it be
comes too mu
ch: employeesâ willingness to âhave faithâ that managers will make fair and appropriate de
cisions drops lower and lower, so mu
ch so that everything will fall apart without the enfor
ced fairness of standardized boxes.
ð¡
The size of the boxes in a company are directly proportional to the amount of trust employees have in management
Labor unions are the endgame for this sort of trust problem. One of the big rallying points for
companies trying to avoid unionization is always to try to
convin
ce employees that management has their best interests at heart, and
can be trusted. As a rule, unions have
close to
zero trust for management, andâas a dire
ct
consequen
ceâunions often push for the smallest âboxesâ possible: boxes for very narrow roles, subdivided by seniority, and sometimes further subdivided by lo
cation. They see this as the best way to ensure fairness in an environment where management
canât be trusted
at all. This is the ultimate version of the
cultural harm my SVP was worried about.
Boxes and Hiring
S
caling and trust drive
companies to put employees into standard
categories, or boxes. How do those boxes affe
ct hiring, and, understanding this, how
can you better âsellâ yourself as a
candidate for jobs?
Most
companies above startup size
need to hire for boxes, for the reasons given above; itâs just too mu
ch work to do anything else. It would be wonderful if re
cruiters, interviewers, and hiring managers had the time to
carefully read and savor every resume that
came in, and then spend time meeting with every
candidate to pull out nuan
ces that didnât
come a
cross
clearly in their job histories. Thatâs not the world we live in, though; there are too many
candidates to get through, and too few hours in the day.
The usual pra
cti
ce is for re
cruiters to work with hiring managers to identify standard requirements (boxes, again!) that
can be used to s
creen out people and redu
ce the number of
candidates they need to go into more depth with (hiring managers will usually never see any of those dropped
candidates). Those standard requirements are typi
cally based on a template used for all jobs of the same ladder and level, extended with
custom spe
cs tailored to the parti
cular role being hired for. In the language Iâve been using in this arti
cle, the job requirements are a very
clear âboxâ, and the s
creening pro
cess only lets through
candidates whose âshapesâ fit that box, like a
childâs sorting toy.
Sour
ce: Fli
ckr user rosipaw,
CC BY-N
C-SA 2.0
When there are lots of
candidates for a tiny number of jobs, the re
cruiters donât magi
cally get more time to handle the extra
candidatesâinstead, they often deal with the overload by
tightening the s
creening
criteria even further: that is, by making the boxes smaller.
Behaviorally, the shift from âstartupâ to âbig
companyâ, and the shift from rapid growth to slow growth, show up to
candidates as employers be
come in
creasingly sele
ctive.
Startups like generalists; big companies like specialists. If there are few people vying for ea
ch job, hiring managers won't
care as mu
ch about past experien
ce;
if there are many candidates, theyâll only be interested in people whoâve previously done the same kind job theyâre hiring for. These trends are amplified when business is tough and hiring budgets are thin: hiring managers be
come nervous about using their s
car
ce head
count on unproven
candidatesâ
they need people who have already shown success in exactly the job the manager needs doneð¡
Iâm writing this in April, 2024, in a time of high interest rates and widespread layoffs in tech, and when there are lots of AI-based screening tools being offered that promise to save recruiters time; you do the math about the current hiring marketâ¦
Besides being lu
cky, there are two powerful ways to
cut through âsmall box s
creeningâ:
- Put yourself in the box theyâre hiring for. This means customizing your resume for each job you apply for, or at least for each type of job youâre going after. If theyâre hiring for someone with experience doing X, focus your resume on how youâve been successful doing X (or at least, things like X) in the past. When a recruiter or hiring manager looks at your resume, you want them to jump out of their chair and exclaim: âwow, this person is exactly what weâve been looking for!â
- Pull a Kobayashi Maru by bypassing the whole screening process: use your network of personal connections to get an introduction to the hiring manager. This is probably the single most powerful thing you can do because it exposes you to the hiring manager as a whole person, instead of a peg that fits in a box.
Boxes and Promotions
A similar situation arises with promotions: the people making de
cisions about whether you should be promoted or not donât (usually) have the familiarity with you, or the time, to make a
customized de
cision⦠and doing so would
create fairness issues. Instead,
they look at whether you fit the next-level box. I want to talk about two parts to this: one related to the job ladder, and one related to the level.
Job Ladder
I vividly remember one promotion
committee I served on, where we were de
ciding whether or not to promote an individual who had
unquestionably performed at the next level⦠but the work theyâd done wasnât
consistent with the job ladder (work
classifi
cation) they were assigned to. They had delivered amazing business impa
ct through striking personal initiative, leadership, and hard work⦠but what theyâd done had nothing in
common with the sort of work expe
cted for the job ladder, or âboxâ, they were in. Should we promote them, or not? We debated the question for far longer than weâd spent on any other
candidate weâd reviewed,
called in HR support to advise us, and⦠we
couldnât de
cide. The rules were that âif you
canât de
cide, the de
cision needs to be ânoââ, so we ended by turning down the promotion and re
commending the person for a large
cash bonus, instead. Our de
cision was appealed, and the appeal was denied, too, for the same reason: despite the great work, the
candidateâs work was outside the box.
Sometimes the pro
cess and people de
ciding on your promotions will be more amenable to âoutside the boxâ work, but really, regardless of whoâs making the promotion de
cision, and what their ârules of engagementâ are, your
chan
ces of su
ccess will be greatly enhan
ced by you being aware of the box imposed by your job ladder as you go about your work, and as you explain that work to others. To be
clear: Iâm
not saying to limit what you work onâthatâs the ânot my jobâ problem the SVP at the beginning of the arti
cle was talking about! What I
am saying is that you should
proactively plan how you will describe your work in ways consistent with the boxFor example, if youâre a
Program Manager and spent a lot of time
creating produ
ct requirements (the work of a
Product Manager at most
companies), when you and your dire
ct manager des
cribe it to others, be sure you both talk about (for example) the work you did to understand what other work was dependent on having the requirements, how you delegated and tra
cked some of the work on market resear
ch, bringing it all together into a single do
cument, how you built
consensus on the requirements,
communi
cated them to the engineering team, and then managed s
cope
creepâall things that are part of the des
cription of the
Program Management box. This makes it easy for the people who will de
cide on your promotion to say â
Huzzah! They did both the Program and Product Managementâ, instead of saying â
This was great Product Management, too bad theyâre a Program Manager.â
Job Level
Really, this is a topi
c that deserves (and will get) an arti
cle all on its own, but I think itâs relevant to surfa
ce it here: in general,
higher level jobs arenât just harder/bigger/broader versions of lower level jobs: theyâre different âboxesâ altogether. The next-level behaviors senior people are looking for are often behaviors that arenât exer
cised mu
ch, if at all, at your
current level. I think of these as âphase
changesâ, analogous to the phase
changes water goes through as it turns from solid i
ce to liquid to gas as you turn up the heat: itâs always the same water, but it looks and behaves differently in ea
ch phase. Some of these transitions are more abrupt and noti
ceable than others, but theyâre definitely there. At Google for example, there are noti
ceable differen
ces between all levels, but the âphase
changesâ are espe
cially a
cute between levels 5 and 6, and between levels 7 and 8.
The takeaway here is that you
can greatly in
creases your
chan
ces of su
ccess by understanding what those âphase
changesâ are (more senior mentors
can be super helpful in this)âwhatâs
qualitatively different about the next-level boxâand then work with your manager to proa
ctively plan how you will des
cribe your work in ways that highlight those qualitative differen
ces.
Boxes and You
So after telling you about the importan
ce of âboxesâ, now Iâm going to tell youâ¦
to avoid them!
This sure looks like a paradox, but let me explain!
Weâve been talking about how
companies, managers, and re
cruiters use boxes, and how, be
cause of s
caling and trust, itâs just not pra
cti
cal for them to operate in any other way. Weâd hope that they donât make the boxes too small, and that they have good judgment in how they apply them⦠but boxes are a fa
ct of life in the world of work.
The pla
ce where you should avoid boxes isnât in the workpla
ce, though: it's
in your head. Itâs
completely natural for peopleâs o
ccupation and organization to be
come a part of their identity⦠but it's harmful to let that go too far:
you are not your job, and you are not your job titleA lot has been written about the psy
chology of tying oneâs identity to their job, but the thing I want to fo
cus on here is how putting yourself in a box in your own thinking (e.g. seeing yourself as a âProdu
ct Managerâ, as a âGooglerâ, and so on)
can mean putting
counterprodu
ctive limits on your own behavior, and your own thinking about whatâs possible.
ð¡
Youâre much more than, and much more capable than, the box youâre in.
From a
career perspe
ctive, itâs a good pra
cti
ce to periodi
cally take some time out and take sto
ck of where you are now and how that fits with where you want to go. If you do this sort of self-assessment youâll often de
cide youâre basi
cally on the right path and just need to make some minor adjustments⦠but sometimes youâll realize that the path youâre on wonât take you where you want to be, and that bigger
changes are needed: maybe you should ask your manager for different responsibilities?
Change teams?
Change job ladders? Even
change
companies? All of those require seeing beyond the box youâre in.
Even though you need to des
cribe yourself in terms of boxes to get where you are now, if your own thinking is
constrained by those boxes, it will be hard for you to see that maybe the best path for you is quite different from the one youâre on. Maybe you should
change teams? Roles? Departments? Even
change your
city, or your employer? Donât get me wrong: I know plenty of people whoâve been in more or less the same job, in the same pla
ce, working for the same
company, for many years, and theyâre very happy⦠but itâs also
common for people stay in the same role be
cause they see that role defining them, instead of just being something they do.
How You
Can Bring Order From
Chaos, Today
Here are some things you
can do now to apply these ideas:
- If youâre looking for a job now, describe yourself as being well inside the box your potential employer is hiring for: tune your resume to the job youâre going after. You should have a different resume at least for every âclassâ of job, and sometimes for each specific job. It can be hard to do it if youâre going after several types of job at the same time, but your LinkedIn resume needs to support the more focused, specialized resumes youâre using. Make sure you highlight the skills and expertise called out in the job ads youâre applying to, and talk about your skill and experience in that area. No one hires generalists, so donât call yourself one in your resume; instead, describe yourself as a specialist in the very thing your target company is hiring for.
- If youâre working toward a promotion now, put yourself in the box you want to be promoted to. Ask your manager and mentors to help you understand the heart of the next-level box, and think about how you can describe your work, behavior, and accomplishments in terms of that box.
- Donât tie your identity to the box youâre in. You are a complete person with a personality, skills, and experience that transcend any mere box, and if you tie up your identity with the boxes other people put you in, you will limit the paths you can take and the things you can accomplish.
What Do You Think?
I'd love to hear about your experien
ces with boxes! If you're a paid supporter of this newsletter (hint, hint!) you
can add
comments below.
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Forrest Thiessen
I'm a geek who's worked at Google building data
centers, networks, developer tools, and more for 17 years. I'm interested in s
cien
ce, te
chnology, spa
ce, history, s
cifi, law, urbanism, and e
conomi
cs.
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